Significance and Use
These test methods can be used to ensure that the chemical composition of the glass sand meets the compositional specification required for this raw material.
These test methods do not preclude the use of other methods that yield results within permissible variations. In any case, the analyst should verify the procedure and technique used by means of a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standard reference material or other similar material of known composition having a component comparable with that of the material under test. A list of standard reference materials is given in the NIST Special Publication 260, current edition.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of glass sands. They are useful for either high-silica sands (99% + silica (SiO )) or for high-alumina sands containing as much as 12 to 13% alumina (Al O ). Generally nonclassical, the test methods are rapid and accurate. They include the determination of silica and of total R O (see 11.2.4), and the separate determination of total iron as iron oxide (Fe O ), titania (TiO ), chromium oxide (Cr O ), zirconia (ZrO ), and ignition loss. Included are procedures for the alkaline earths and alkalies. High-alumina sands may contain as much as 5 to 6% total alkalies and alkaline earths. It is recommended that the alkalies be determined by flame photometry and the alkaline earths by absorption spectrophotometry.
1.2 These test methods, if followed in detail, will provide interlaboratory agreement of results.
Note 1-For additional information, see Test Methods C169 and Practices E50.
1.3 The test methods appear in the following order:
Procedures for Referee Analysis: Section Silica (SiO
2)--Double Dehydration 10 Total R
2O
3--Gravimetric 11 Fe
2O
3, TiO
2, ZrO
2, Cr
2O
3, by Photometric Methods and 12-17 Al
2O
3 by Complexiometric Titration Preparation of the Sample for Determination of Iron 12 Oxide, Titania, Alumina, and Zirconia Iron oxide (as Fe
2O
3) by 1,10-Phenanthroline Method 13 Titania (TiO
2) by the Tiron Method 14 Alumina (Al
2O
3) by the CDTA Titration Method 15 Zirconia (ZrO
2) by the Pyrocatechol Violet Method 16 Chromium Oxide (Cr
2O
3) by the 1,5-Diphenylcarbo- 17 hydrazide Method Procedures for Routine Analysis: Silica (SiO
2)--Single Dehydration 19 Al
2O
3, CaO, and MgO--Atomic Absorption Spectro- 20-25 photometry Na
2O and K
2O--Flame Emission Spectrophotometry 26-27 Loss on Ignition (LOI) 28
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
C169 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Soda-Lime and Borosilicate Glass
C429 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Raw Materials for Glass Manufacture
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
E11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Purposes
E50 Practices for Apparatus, Reagents, and Safety Considerations for Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
E60 Practice for Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials by Molecular Absorption Spectrometry
NIST Special Publication 260
Index Terms
chemical analysis; glass sand; referee analysis; routine analysis; ICS Number Code 81.040.10
DOI: 10.1520/C0146-94AR04
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Citing ASTM Standards
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